While in mitosis, the daughter cells resemble each other and alos the parent cell, in meiosis they differ not only fom parent cell in having half the number of chromosomes. But also differ among themselves qualitatively in genetic consitution due to

Options

A. segregation and crossing over only
B. independent assortment and segregation only
C. independent assortment and croosing over only
D. crossing over, idependent assortment and segregation.

Answer

To answer the question regarding the differences in genetic constitution among daughter cells produced during meiosis compared to those produced during mitosis, we need to analyze the processes involved in meiosis.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Mitosis and Meiosis**:
- Mitosis results in two daughter cells that are genetically identical to each other and to the parent cell. This is because mitosis involves a simple duplication of the genetic material.
- Meiosis, on the other hand, is a specialized form of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half and leads to the formation of gametes (sperm and eggs).

2. **Key Processes in Meiosis**:
- **Crossing Over**: During prophase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange segments of genetic material. This process creates new combinations of genes, leading to genetic variation among the daughter cells.
- **Independent Assortment**: During metaphase I, the orientation of homologous chromosome pairs is random. This means that the distribution of maternal and paternal chromosomes into gametes is independent of one another, further contributing to genetic diversity.
- **Segregation**: This refers to the separation of alleles during gamete formation. Each gamete receives one allele from each gene pair, which is a random selection from the parental alleles.

3. **Conclusion**:
- The daughter cells produced during meiosis differ from each other and from the parent cell due to the processes of crossing over, independent assortment, and segregation. These three mechanisms work together to ensure genetic diversity in the resulting gametes.

### Final Answer:
The daughter cells differ among themselves qualitatively in genetic constitution due to **crossing over, independent assortment, and segregation**. Therefore, the correct option is **D: crossing over, independent assortment, and segregation**.

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