Which of the following is a vessel-less angiosperm?

Options

A. Tetracentron
B. Trochodendron
C. Wintera
D. all of these

Explanation

To determine which of the following is a vessel-less angiosperm, we need to understand the concept of vessels in plants and identify the families of angiosperms that lack them. Here’s a step-by-step solution:

### Step 1: Understand what vessels are
- Vessels are a component of xylem, which is the vascular tissue in plants responsible for transporting water and minerals from the roots to the upper parts of the plant.

### Step 2: Identify the significance of vessels
- Vessels play a crucial role in the water transport system of angiosperms. They are primarily present in most angiosperms, but there are exceptions.

### Step 3: Recognize the exceptions
- There are five families of angiosperms that are known to lack vessels. These families include:
1. **Winteraceae** (Example: Wintera)
2. **Tetracentraceae** (Example: Tetracentron)
3. **Trochodendraceae** (Example: Trochodendron)
4. **Amborellaceae** (Example: Amborella)
5. **Chloranthaceae** (Example: Chloranthus)

### Step 4: Analyze the options given in the question
- If the options provided include plants from the families mentioned above, they would be considered vessel-less angiosperms.

### Step 5: Conclusion
- Based on the information provided, if the options include Tetracentron, Trochodendron, and Wintera, all of these plants belong to families that do not possess vessels. Therefore, the correct answer is that all of the given examples are vessel-less angiosperms.

### Final Answer
- The correct answer is **All of these**.

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