Vascular tissues of angiosperms differ from those of gymnosperms in

Options

A. (a) presence of vessels in the xylem
B. (b) presence of well developed sieve tubes in phloem
C. (c) presence of companion cells in phloem
D. (d) all of these

Answer

To answer the question regarding how the vascular tissues of angiosperms differ from those of gymnosperms, we can break down the differences into specific characteristics of the xylem and phloem in both plant groups.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Angiosperms and Gymnosperms**:
- **Angiosperms**: These are flowering plants that produce seeds enclosed within fruits.
- **Gymnosperms**: These are non-flowering plants that produce naked seeds, meaning their seeds are not enclosed in fruits.

2. **Examining Xylem Differences**:
- In **angiosperms**, the xylem contains **vessels**, which are the primary conducting units for water transport.
- In **gymnosperms**, the xylem lacks vessels and consists primarily of **tracheids** for water conduction.

3. **Examining Phloem Differences**:
- In **angiosperms**, the phloem contains **well-developed sieve tubes** that are responsible for transporting food materials.
- In **gymnosperms**, the phloem does not have sieve tubes; instead, it contains **sieve cells**, which are less developed than sieve tubes.

4. **Presence of Companion Cells**:
- In **angiosperms**, the phloem includes **companion cells**, which assist in the functioning of sieve tubes.
- In **gymnosperms**, companion cells are absent; they are replaced by **albuminous cells**, which perform a similar function but are structurally different.

5. **Conclusion**:
- All the points discussed indicate that the vascular tissues of angiosperms differ from those of gymnosperms in the presence of vessels in xylem, well-developed sieve tubes in phloem, and companion cells in phloem.
- Therefore, the correct answer is **option D: all of these**.

### Final Answer:
The vascular tissues of angiosperms differ from those of gymnosperms in the presence of vessels in the xylem, well-developed sieve tubes in phloem, and companion cells in phloem. Hence, the correct answer is **option D: all of these**.