Which one of the following cells types always divides by anticlinal cell division?

Options

A. Fusiform initial cells
B. Root cap
C. Protoderm
D. Phellogen

Answer

To solve the question "Which one of the following cell types always divides by anticlinal cell division?", we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understand Anticlinal Cell Division**:
- Anticlinal cell division occurs in a tangential plane, meaning that the new cells are formed perpendicular to the surface of the tissue. This type of division helps in increasing the surface area of the tissue.

2. **Identify the Types of Cells**:
- The question provides multiple options, but we need to focus on the types of cells that typically undergo anticlinal division. In plants, certain meristematic cells are known for this type of division.

3. **Consider Vascular Tissues**:
- Vascular tissues consist of xylem and phloem, which are organized into vascular bundles. The cells responsible for the growth of these tissues include fusiform initials and ray initials.

4. **Fusiform Initials**:
- Fusiform initials are a type of meristematic cell found in the vascular cambium. They divide anticlinally to increase the number of cells in the vascular bundles, leading to the formation of new xylem and phloem cells.

5. **Evaluate Other Options**:
- - **Root Cap**: This structure primarily divides by normal mitotic divisions, not specifically anticlinally.
- **Protoderm**: While it contributes to the epidermis, the cells in the protoderm do not exclusively divide anticlinally.
- **Phalogen**: This is also not known for anticlinal division.

6. **Conclusion**:
- The correct answer is **fusiform initials**, as they are the cells that always divide by anticlinal cell division.

### Final Answer:
The cell type that always divides by anticlinal cell division is **fusiform initials**.