Pheretima and its close relatives derive nourishment from

Options

A. sugarcane roots
B. decaying fallen leaves and soil organic matter
C. soil insects
D. small pieces of fresh fallen leaves of maize etc

Explanation

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Identify the Organism**: The question refers to "Pheretima," which is the scientific name for the earthworm. Understanding the organism in question is crucial.

2. **Understand the Nutritional Source**: Earthworms derive nourishment primarily from organic matter found in the soil. This includes decaying vegetation and leaves.

3. **Composition of Earthworm Body**: Earthworms are composed of approximately 60-70% proteins, 6-11% fats, 5-21% carbohydrates, and 2-3% minerals. This indicates that they have a rich nutritional profile.

4. **Feeding Mechanism**: Earthworms consume soil that is rich in organic matter. They feed on the decaying organic materials present in the soil, which are not directly consumable by plants.

5. **Role in Soil Fertility**: After digesting the organic matter, earthworms excrete waste known as "castings." These castings are nutrient-rich and beneficial for plant growth, thus playing a vital role in the ecosystem.

6. **Evaluate Options**: Given the options provided:
- Sugarcane roots: Incorrect
- Decaying fallen leaves and soil organic matter: Correct
- Soil insects: Incorrect
- Small pieces of fresh fallen leaves of maize: Incorrect

7. **Conclusion**: The correct answer is that Pheretima (earthworm) derives nourishment from decaying fallen leaves and soil organic matter.

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