In man and mammals, air passes from outside into the lungs through

Options

A. a) nasal cavity, larynx, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, alveoli
B. b) nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchioles, bronchi, alveoli
C. c) nasal cavity, larynx, pharynx, trachea, bronchioles, alveoli
D. d) nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

Answer

To answer the question "In man and mammals, air passes from outside into the lungs through which of the following passages?", we can break down the process step by step:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **External Opening**: Air enters the body through external openings, primarily the nose or mouth.
- **Hint**: Think about the primary entry points for air into the respiratory system.

2. **Nasal or Oral Cavities**: From the nose, the air travels into the nasal cavity, or if entering through the mouth, it goes into the oral cavity.
- **Hint**: Identify the cavities that serve as the next pathway for air after entering through the nose or mouth.

3. **Pharynx**: The air then moves from the nasal or oral cavity into the pharynx, which is a shared passage for both air and food.
- **Hint**: Remember that the pharynx is a common area for both the respiratory and digestive systems.

4. **Larynx**: Next, the air passes into the larynx, also known as the voice box, which is responsible for sound production.
- **Hint**: Consider what structure is located just below the pharynx and is involved in sound.

5. **Trachea**: The air then travels down the trachea, commonly referred to as the windpipe, which directs air into the lungs.
- **Hint**: Recall the tube that connects the larynx to the bronchi.

6. **Bronchi**: From the trachea, the air enters the bronchi, which are the main passageways that lead into each lung.
- **Hint**: Think about the branching tubes that lead into the lungs.

7. **Bronchioles**: The bronchi further divide into smaller tubes called bronchioles within the lungs.
- **Hint**: Identify the smaller branches that continue to carry air deeper into the lung tissue.

8. **Alveoli**: Finally, the bronchioles terminate in tiny air sacs known as alveoli, where gas exchange occurs.
- **Hint**: Consider where the actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place in the lungs.

### Conclusion:
The correct passage for air entering the lungs in humans and mammals is:
- **Nasal Cavity → Pharynx → Larynx → Trachea → Bronchi → Bronchioles → Alveoli**.

Thus, the correct answer is **Option D**: Nasal cavity, followed by pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchioles.