Consider the following statement each with two blanks.
(i) Diaphragm contrects to help in `overset((1))"_____"` while the contraction of abdominal muscles help in `overset((2))"_______"`.
(ii) Vital capacity of trained atheles is `overset((3))"______"` than that of non-athletes while the vital capacity of non-smokers is `overset((4))"______"` than that of smokers.
Which of the follwoing options gives the correct fill ups for the respective blanks numbered from (1) to (6) in the above statements ?

Options

A. a) `(1)`-expiration, `(2)`-inspiration, `(5)`-higher, `(6)`-lower
B. b) `(3)`-higher, `(4)`-lower, `5`-lower `(6)`-higher
C. c) `(1)`-inspiration, `(2)`-forced expiration, `(3)`-higher, `(4)`-higher
D. d) `(1)`-expiration, `(2)`-forced expiration, `(5)`-higher, `(6)`-lower

Answer

To solve the question, we need to fill in the blanks in the given statements based on our understanding of the respiratory system and the effects of training and smoking on vital capacity.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the First Statement**:
- The first part of the statement mentions the diaphragm's contraction. The diaphragm is a muscle that plays a crucial role in breathing. When it contracts, it creates a vacuum that allows air to flow into the lungs. This process is known as **inspiration** (the act of inhaling).
- The second part of the statement refers to the contraction of abdominal muscles. When these muscles contract, they help push air out of the lungs forcefully. This process is referred to as **forced expiration** (the act of exhaling air forcefully).

Therefore, for the first statement:
- Blank (1): **inspiration**
- Blank (2): **forced expiration**

2. **Understanding the Second Statement**:
- The second statement compares the vital capacity of trained athletes and non-athletes. Vital capacity is the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a deep inhalation. Trained athletes typically have a higher vital capacity due to their enhanced lung function and efficiency in breathing.
- The second part of the statement compares non-smokers and smokers. Non-smokers generally have a higher vital capacity than smokers, as smoking can damage lung tissue and reduce lung function.

Therefore, for the second statement:
- Blank (3): **higher**
- Blank (4): **higher**

### Final Answers:
- (1) **inspiration**
- (2) **forced expiration**
- (3) **higher**
- (4) **higher**

### Conclusion:
The correct fill-ups for the respective blanks are:
- (1) inspiration
- (2) forced expiration
- (3) higher
- (4) higher