A person surffers punctures in his chest cavity in an accident, without any damage t the lungs, its effect could be

Options

A. reduced breathing rate
B. rapid increase in breathing rate
C. no change in respiration
D. cessation of breathing.

Explanation

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the Mechanism of Breathing**:
- Breathing involves two main processes: inhalation (taking air in) and exhalation (pushing air out).
- For effective breathing, a pressure gradient must exist between the lungs and the external environment.

2. **Role of Pressure in Breathing**:
- During inhalation, the pressure inside the lungs becomes negative compared to the atmospheric pressure, allowing air to flow in.
- During exhalation, the pressure inside the lungs becomes positive, forcing air out.

3. **Impact of a Puncture in the Chest Cavity**:
- A puncture in the chest cavity creates an opening that disrupts the normal pressure gradient.
- This results in either a decrease in pressure or the presence of no pressure at all in the chest cavity.

4. **Consequences of the Puncture**:
- With the loss of pressure gradient, the lungs cannot expand properly during inhalation.
- This leads to a condition known as "seizure of breath," where the person experiences difficulty in breathing or may not be able to breathe at all.

5. **Conclusion**:
- Therefore, the effect of a puncture in the chest cavity, without damage to the lungs, is the seizing of breath due to the loss of necessary pressure for breathing.