Which one of the following is a correct pair showing the function of a specific part of the human nephron?

Options

A. Podocytes: create minute spaces (slit pores) for the filtration of blood into the Bowman's capsule
B. Henle's loop : most reabsorption of the major substances from the glomerular filtrate
C. Distal convoluted tubule: reabsorption of `K^(+)` ions into the surrounding blood capillaries
D. Afferent arteriole: carries the blood away from the glomerulus towards renal vein

Explanation

To determine the correct pair showing the function of a specific part of the human nephron, we need to analyze each statement regarding the nephron's components and their functions:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the Nephron Structure**: The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney and consists of various parts including the Bowman's capsule, glomerulus, proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule (DCT), and collecting duct.

2. **Evaluating the First Statement**:
- **Statement**: Podocytes create minute spaces, slit pores for the filtration of blood into the Bowman's capsule.
- **Analysis**: This statement is true. Podocytes are specialized cells in the Bowman's capsule that have foot-like processes creating filtration slits, allowing blood to be filtered from the glomerulus into the Bowman's capsule.

3. **Evaluating the Second Statement**:
- **Statement**: Most reabsorption of major substances from glomerular filtrate occurs in Henle's loop.
- **Analysis**: This statement is false. The majority of reabsorption occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), not in the loop of Henle.

4. **Evaluating the Third Statement**:
- **Statement**: Distal convoluted tubule reabsorbs K+ ions into the surrounding blood capillaries.
- **Analysis**: This statement is also false. The distal convoluted tubule (DCT) primarily functions in the secretion of hydrogen ions and bicarbonates to help regulate blood pH, rather than significant reabsorption of potassium ions.

5. **Evaluating the Fourth Statement**:
- **Statement**: Afferent arteriole carries blood away from the glomerulus towards the renal vein.
- **Analysis**: This statement is false. The afferent arteriole carries blood towards the glomerulus, while the efferent arteriole carries blood away from the glomerulus.

6. **Conclusion**: After evaluating all statements, the only correct pair showing the function of a specific part of the human nephron is the first statement regarding podocytes.

### Final Answer:
The correct pair showing the function of a specific part of the human nephron is:
**Podocytes create minute spaces, slit pores for the filtration of blood into the Bowman's capsule.**