Which of the following sequences is correct?

Options

A. An increase in body fluid volume `to` Switch off the osmoreceptors`to`Suppresses to ADH release
B. ADH `to` Constricting effect on blood vessel `to` B.P. high `to` More glomerular blood flow `to` More GFR
C. Angiotensionogen `to`Angiotensin l `to` Angiotensin `IIlto` Adrenal cortex `to` Aldosterone
D. all of these

Answer

To determine which of the sequences presented in the question is correct, let's analyze each option step by step.

### Step 1: Analyze Option 1
- **Statement**: An increase in body fluid volume suppresses the release of ADH from osmoreceptors.
- **Explanation**: When body fluid volume increases, the osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus detect this change. As a result, they decrease the secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) from the posterior pituitary gland. This is because ADH is responsible for promoting water reabsorption in the kidneys. Therefore, this statement is correct.

### Step 2: Analyze Option 2
- **Statement**: ADH constricts blood vessels, leading to higher blood pressure and increased glomerular blood flow, which in turn increases the glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
- **Explanation**: ADH does indeed have a vasoconstrictive effect on blood vessels, which raises blood pressure. Higher blood pressure increases the glomerular blood flow, subsequently increasing the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Therefore, this statement is also correct.

### Step 3: Analyze Option 3
- **Statement**: The sequence of angiotensin 1, angiotensin 2, and adrenal cortex leading to aldosterone release is correct.
- **Explanation**: Angiotensinogen, produced by the liver, is converted to angiotensin 1 by renin (released from the juxtaglomerular apparatus). Angiotensin 1 is then converted to angiotensin 2 by the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in the lungs. Angiotensin 2 stimulates the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone, which promotes sodium reabsorption in the kidneys. Thus, this statement is also correct.

### Step 4: Analyze Option 4
- **Statement**: All of the above options are correct.
- **Explanation**: Since all previous statements (1, 2, and 3) have been verified as correct, this option is also correct.

### Conclusion
Based on the analysis of all the options, the correct answer is:
- **Option 4: All of these.**

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