Renal calculi refers to the condition in which

Options

A. Tumour is present in renal pelvis
B. stone is formed in kidney
C. infection occurs in the pelvis region
D. urea accumulates in the blood.

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Renal Calculi**: Renal calculi, commonly known as kidney stones, refer to the condition where stones form in the kidneys. These stones can vary in size and can cause significant pain and discomfort.

2. **Formation of Stones**: The primary components of these stones are minerals and salts. The most common types of kidney stones include:
- Calcium oxalate stones (the most prevalent type)
- Calcium phosphate stones
- Struvite stones (often associated with infections)
- Uric acid stones

3. **Causes of Stone Formation**: Kidney stones can form due to various factors, including:
- Dehydration
- High dietary intake of certain substances (like oxalate)
- Certain medical conditions (like hyperparathyroidism)

4. **Symptoms and Complications**: The presence of renal calculi can lead to symptoms such as:
- Severe pain in the back or side
- Blood in urine
- Nausea and vomiting
- Frequent urination

5. **Diagnosis and Treatment**: Diagnosis typically involves imaging tests such as ultrasound or CT scans. Treatment options can include:
- Increased fluid intake
- Medications to manage pain
- Procedures to break up or remove stones if they are too large to pass naturally.

6. **Conclusion**: In summary, renal calculi refer to the formation of stones in the kidneys, primarily composed of calcium oxalate, and can lead to various complications if not treated.

**Final Answer**: Renal calculi refers to the condition in which stones form in the kidneys.

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