Assertion: Glomerular filtration requires expenditure of energy by kidney.
Reason: Glomerular filtration occurs because pressure in the glomerular capillaries is lower than the pressure in Bowman's capsule

Options

A. If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion
B. if both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
C. if assertion is true but reason is false
D. if both assertion and reason are false.

Explanation

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the Assertion**: The assertion states that "glomerular filtration requires expenditure of energy by the kidney." To evaluate this, we need to consider how glomerular filtration occurs.

2. **Understanding the Reason**: The reason given is that "glomerular filtration occurs because the pressure in the glomerular capillaries is lower than the pressure in Bowman's capsule." This statement needs to be analyzed in the context of how filtration works in the kidneys.

3. **Analyzing Glomerular Filtration**: Glomerular filtration is the process by which blood is filtered in the kidneys. It occurs in the glomerulus, where blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries is actually higher than in Bowman's capsule. This pressure difference is what drives the filtration process.

4. **Energy Requirement**: Since glomerular filtration is driven by the pressure gradient (from high pressure in the glomerular capillaries to lower pressure in Bowman's capsule), it does not require additional energy expenditure by the kidney. This process is considered passive.

5. **Conclusion on Assertion and Reason**: Given the analysis:
- The assertion is **false** because glomerular filtration does not require energy expenditure.
- The reason is also **false** because the pressure in the glomerular capillaries is higher than that in Bowman's capsule, not lower.

6. **Final Answer**: Both the assertion and the reason are false. Therefore, the correct option is the fourth one: "Both assertion and reason are false."