Fertilisation cannot occur in absence of surface water in

Options

A. Fucus
B. Funaria
C. Marsilea
D. all of these.

Explanation

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Identify the Organisms**: The question mentions three organisms: Funus, Funaria, and Myrcelia.

2. **Understand Fertilization**: Fertilization is the process where male and female gametes fuse to form a zygote.

3. **Determine the Type of Fertilization**: In the case of Funus, Funaria, and Myrcelia, fertilization occurs externally. This means that the gametes are released into the environment rather than being combined inside the female organism.

4. **Role of Surface Water**: For external fertilization to occur, the male gametes (sperm) must swim to the female gametes (eggs). This swimming is facilitated by the presence of water, which acts as a medium for the gametes to move.

5. **Conclusion**: Since fertilization in these organisms occurs outside the female body and relies on water for the male gametes to reach the female gametes, it cannot take place in the absence of surface water. Therefore, the correct answer is that fertilization cannot occur in the absence of surface water in all of these organisms.

**Final Answer**: Fertilization cannot occur in the absence of surface water in Funus, Funaria, and Myrcelia.

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