The respiratory and cardiac centres are located in

Options

A. cerebrum
B. diencephalon
C. crura cerebri
D. medulla oblongata

Explanation

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Identify the Question**: The question asks for the location of the respiratory and cardiac centers in the human brain.

2. **Recall Brain Structure**: The human brain is divided into several parts, including the cerebrum, diencephalon, hindbrain, and others. It is essential to know the functions associated with each part.

3. **Focus on the Hindbrain**: The respiratory and cardiac centers are primarily located in the hindbrain. The hindbrain consists of structures like the medulla oblongata, pons, and cerebellum.

4. **Locate the Medulla Oblongata**: Within the hindbrain, the medulla oblongata is specifically responsible for autonomic functions. It acts as a control center for vital involuntary functions.

5. **Functions of the Medulla Oblongata**: The medulla oblongata controls several vital functions, including:
- Respiratory center (regulates breathing)
- Cardiac center (regulates heart rate and blood pressure)
- Other centers for salivation, gastric secretions, and sneezing.

6. **Conclusion**: Since both the respiratory and cardiac centers are located in the medulla oblongata, the correct answer to the question is option D: medulla oblongata.

**Final Answer**: The respiratory and cardiac centers are located in the medulla oblongata.

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