The signal trasnduction of steroid hormone across cell is thorugh

Options

A. binding of hormone to the cytoplasmic receptor and the complex binds to hormone response element on DNA within promoter DNA
B. binding of hormone to the transmembrane receptor which intiates the production of second messenger that activates enzymes which further activates transcription factors
C. binding of hormone ot the transmembrane receptor which diffuse inside the cell cytoplasm and then activates the enzyme necessary for the activation of transcription factors.
D. binding of hormone to the cytoplasmic r aceptor that initiates the production of second messenger which activates enzymes that further activates transcription factors.

Explanation

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Steroid Hormones:**
- Steroid hormones are hydrophobic molecules, meaning they do not dissolve well in water. This property allows them to easily pass through cell membranes, which are primarily composed of lipid bilayers.

2. **Diffusion Across Cell Membrane:**
- Due to their hydrophobic nature, steroid hormones can diffuse freely across the cell membrane into the target cells without the need for transport proteins.

3. **Binding to Receptors:**
- Once inside the cell, steroid hormones bind to specific receptor proteins located in the cytoplasm. These receptor proteins are specific to the particular steroid hormone.

4. **Formation of Hormone-Receptor Complex:**
- The binding of the steroid hormone to its receptor forms a hormone-receptor complex. This complex is crucial for the next steps in signal transduction.

5. **Translocation to the Nucleus:**
- The hormone-receptor complex then translocates into the nucleus of the cell. This movement is essential for the hormone to exert its effects on gene expression.

6. **Activation of Gene Expression:**
- Inside the nucleus, the hormone-receptor complex binds to specific regions of DNA known as hormone response elements. This binding activates or represses the transcription of target genes, leading to a cellular response.

7. **Conclusion:**
- Therefore, the signal transduction of steroid hormones occurs through their ability to diffuse across the cell membrane, bind to cytoplasmic receptors, and subsequently activate gene expression in the nucleus.

**Final Answer:**
The signal transduction of steroid hormone across the cell is through binding to cytoplasmic receptors and activating gene expression in the nucleus.

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