Baculoviruses (Nucleopolyhedrobirus) do not show

Options

A. host specificity
B. narrow spectrum applications
C. effects on non-target pathogens
D. utility in IPM programme

Explanation

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Baculoviruses**: Baculoviruses, specifically the Nucleopolyhedrovirus, are a group of viruses that primarily infect insects. They are known for their specificity to certain host species.

2. **Identifying Properties of Baculoviruses**:
- **Limited Range of Hosts**: Baculoviruses infect only specific types of insects and do not affect a wide range of organisms. This means they have a limited range of hosts.
- **Narrow Insecticidal Application**: They are effective against only closely related insect species, which limits their use as insecticides.
- **No Negative Effects on Non-target Organisms**: Baculoviruses do not harm non-target organisms such as plants, mammals, birds, and beneficial insects. This property makes them environmentally friendly.
- **Utility in Integrated Pest Management (IPM)**: Baculoviruses can be used to manage pest populations while conserving beneficial insects, making them useful in IPM strategies.

3. **Analyzing the Options**:
- **Option 1: Host Specificity**: This property is exhibited by baculoviruses as they are specific to certain hosts. Therefore, this option is incorrect.
- **Option 2: Narrow Spectrum Application**: Baculoviruses show narrow insecticidal application as they affect only closely related insects. Thus, this option is also incorrect.
- **Option 3: Effects on Non-target Pathogens**: Baculoviruses do not show negative effects on non-target organisms, which means they do not harm them. This option is correct as it indicates a property that baculoviruses do not exhibit.
- **Option 4: Utility in IPM Program**: Baculoviruses are indeed beneficial in IPM programs, so this option is incorrect as well.

4. **Conclusion**: The only property that baculoviruses do not exhibit is the "Effects on Non-target Pathogens," making option 3 the correct answer.

**Final Answer**: Baculoviruses do not show effects on non-target pathogens (Option 3).

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