Study the following statements and select the incorrect one.

Options

A. Shorter food chains provide more energy as compared to longer food chains.
B. ecological factors connected with physical geography of earth are called topographic factors.
C. The pyramid of biomass is upright in grassland ecosystem and the pyramid of number is upright in a parasitic food chain.
D. None of these

Answer

To identify the incorrect statement among the given options, we will analyze each statement step by step.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Analyze the First Statement**:
- The statement claims that shorter food chains provide more energy compared to longer food chains.
- In a shorter food chain, there are fewer trophic levels, which means less energy is lost between levels due to metabolic processes. Therefore, this statement is correct.

2. **Analyze the Second Statement**:
- This statement refers to ecological factors connected with the physical geography of Earth being called topographic factors.
- Topographic factors indeed relate to the physical features of the Earth and how they influence ecosystems. Thus, this statement is also correct.

3. **Analyze the Third Statement**:
- The statement discusses the pyramid of biomass being applied in grassland ecosystems.
- In grassland ecosystems, the pyramid of biomass is typically upright, showing that biomass decreases at higher trophic levels. This statement is correct.

4. **Analyze the Fourth Statement**:
- This statement claims that the pyramid of number is upright in a parasitic food chain.
- In a parasitic food chain, the pyramid of number is often inverted because a single host can support many parasites, leading to a decrease in numbers at higher trophic levels. Therefore, this statement is incorrect.

### Conclusion:
The incorrect statement is the fourth one: "the pyramid of number is upright in a parasitic food chain."

### Final Answer:
The incorrect statement is: "the pyramid of number is upright in a parasitic food chain."

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