During the process of ecological succession, the changes that take place in communities are

Options

A. orderly and sequential
B. random
C. very quick
D. not influenced by the physical enviroment.

Explanation

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Ecological Succession:**
- Ecological succession is the process through which ecosystems change and develop over time. It involves a series of stages that lead to a stable community.

2. **Identifying the Stages of Succession:**
- The process of ecological succession can be broken down into four main stages:
- **Nudation:** This is the initial stage where an area becomes devoid of life, often due to disturbances like fire, flooding, or human activities.
- **Invasion:** In this stage, pioneer species (like lichens and mosses) begin to colonize the bare area. These species are typically hardy and can survive in harsh conditions.
- **Competition and Reaction:** As more species invade, competition for resources such as light, water, and nutrients increases. This leads to changes in community structure as some species outcompete others.
- **Stabilization or Climax Community:** Eventually, the ecosystem reaches a stable state known as the climax community, where the composition of species remains relatively constant over time.

3. **Analyzing the Nature of Changes:**
- The changes that occur during ecological succession are not random; they follow a specific order and sequence. Each stage builds upon the previous one, leading to a gradual increase in biodiversity and biomass.

4. **Conclusion:**
- Given the orderly and sequential nature of these changes, the correct answer to the question is that the changes that take place in communities during ecological succession are "orderly and sequential."

**Final Answer:**
The changes that take place in communities during ecological succession are orderly and sequential.

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