Use of vaccines and immunisation programmes have controlled which of the following infectious diseases ?

Options

A. Polio and tetanus
B. Diphtheria and pneumonia
C. Cancer and AIDS
D. Both (a) and (b)

Answer

To answer the question regarding the use of vaccines and immunization programs in controlling infectious diseases, we will analyze each option provided.

**Step 1: Evaluate Option A - Polio and Tetanus**
- Polio is controlled through the use of the oral polio vaccine (OPV) and inactivated polio vaccine (IPV). These vaccines have been instrumental in eradicating polio in many parts of the world.
- Tetanus is prevented through the DPT vaccine (Diphtheria, Pertussis, and Tetanus). This vaccine is effective in providing immunity against tetanus.
- Conclusion: Both polio and tetanus can be controlled through vaccination. Therefore, this option is correct.

**Step 2: Evaluate Option B - Diphtheria and Pneumonia**
- Diphtheria is also included in the DPT vaccine, which provides immunity against this disease.
- Pneumonia can be caused by various bacteria, including Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. Vaccines such as the pneumococcal vaccine help in preventing pneumonia caused by these bacteria.
- Conclusion: Both diphtheria and pneumonia can be controlled through vaccination. Therefore, this option is also correct.

**Step 3: Evaluate Option C - Cancer and AIDS**
- Currently, there are no vaccines that can prevent cancer in general. While there are vaccines for specific types of cancer (like the HPV vaccine for cervical cancer), they do not broadly prevent cancer.
- For AIDS, there is no vaccine available that can prevent HIV infection or AIDS. Therefore, this option is incorrect.

**Step 4: Evaluate Option D - Both A and B**
- Since both options A (Polio and Tetanus) and B (Diphtheria and Pneumonia) are correct, option D, which states that both A and B are correct, is also correct.

**Final Answer:**
The use of vaccines and immunization programs have controlled the following infectious diseases: **Both A (Polio and Tetanus) and B (Diphtheria and Pneumonia)**. Therefore, the correct answer is **Option D**.

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