Using recombinant DNA technology, genes from a donor cell can be inserted into a bacterium for DNA replication and protein synthesis. The kind of cells that can be used as gene donors in this technology are

Options

A. 1) bacteria only
B. 2) either yeasts or bacteria
C. 3) eukaryotic cells only
D. 4) any of these

Answer

To answer the question regarding the types of cells that can be used as gene donors in recombinant DNA technology, we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Recombinant DNA Technology**:
- Recombinant DNA technology involves the insertion of a piece of DNA from a donor organism into a vector, which is often a bacterium. This allows for the replication and expression of the inserted gene.

2. **Identifying the Source of Donor DNA**:
- The DNA that is inserted can come from various sources. It can be extracted from prokaryotic cells (like bacteria) or eukaryotic cells (like yeast, plants, or animal cells).

3. **Types of Cells as Gene Donors**:
- Since the question asks about the types of cells that can serve as gene donors, we need to consider all possible sources:
- **Bacteria**: They can be used as donors since they contain DNA.
- **Yeast**: A type of eukaryotic cell that can also serve as a donor.
- **Eukaryotic Cells**: Any cell that has a nucleus and contains DNA can be a donor.

4. **Conclusion**:
- Since any cell that contains genetic material (DNA) can be used as a gene donor, the correct answer to the question is that the donor cells can be any of these types: bacteria, yeast, or other eukaryotic cells.

5. **Final Answer**:
- Therefore, the answer is **option 4: any of these**.