Which of the following groups does not include the countries which contribute to 12 megadiversity centres of the world?
(i) Mexico, Columbia, Brazil
(ii) Peru, Ecuador, Venezuela
(iii) Madegascar, Indonesia, Malaysia
(iv) China, Germany, Japan
(v) China, India, Australia
(a) (ii)
(b) (v)
(c) (iii)
(d) (iv)

Options

A. (ii)
B. (v)
C. (iii)
D. (iv)

Explanation

To solve the question, we need to identify which group does not include countries that contribute to the 12 megadiversity centers of the world. Let's analyze each option step by step.

### Step 1: Understand the concept of megadiversity
Megadiversity refers to countries that harbor the majority of Earth's species and are therefore considered critical for biodiversity conservation. There are 17 recognized megadiversity countries, which include those with the highest number of different species.

### Step 2: List the countries in each option
- **Option (i)**: Mexico, Colombia, Brazil
- **Option (ii)**: Peru, Ecuador, Venezuela
- **Option (iii)**: Madagascar, Indonesia, Malaysia
- **Option (iv)**: China, Germany, Japan
- **Option (v)**: China, India, Australia

### Step 3: Identify the megadiversity countries
From the information provided in the video transcript, the following countries are recognized as megadiversity countries:
- Australia
- Brazil
- China
- Colombia
- Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Republic of Congo
- Ecuador
- India
- Indonesia
- Madagascar
- Malaysia
- Mexico
- Papua New Guinea
- Peru
- Philippines
- South Africa
- United States
- Venezuela

### Step 4: Analyze each option
- **Option (i)**: Mexico, Colombia, Brazil - All are megadiversity countries.
- **Option (ii)**: Peru, Ecuador, Venezuela - All are megadiversity countries.
- **Option (iii)**: Madagascar, Indonesia, Malaysia - All are megadiversity countries.
- **Option (iv)**: China, Germany, Japan - China is a megadiversity country, but Germany and Japan are not.
- **Option (v)**: China, India, Australia - All are megadiversity countries.

### Step 5: Conclusion
The group that does not include only megadiversity countries is **Option (iv)**: China, Germany, Japan, because Germany and Japan are not part of the 12 megadiversity centers of the world.

### Final Answer
(d) (iv)

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