The exotic species, which when introduced in India became notorious weed, is
(a) Lantana camara
(b) Eicchornia crassipes
(c) Parthenium hysterophorus
(d) all of these

Options

A. Lantana camara
B. Eicchornia crassipes
C. Parthenium hysterophorus
D. all of these

Explanation

To solve the question regarding the exotic species that became notorious weeds when introduced in India, we will analyze each option provided in the question.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Identify the Options**: The options given are:
- (a) Lantana camara
- (b) Eicchornia crassipes
- (c) Parthenium hysterophorus
- (d) all of these

2. **Analyze Option (a): Lantana camara**:
- Lantana camara is native to South America and was introduced to India as an ornamental plant by the British around 200 years ago.
- It has since spread invasively and is considered a notorious weed in many parts of India.
- **Conclusion**: This option is correct.

3. **Analyze Option (b): Eicchornia crassipes**:
- Commonly known as water hyacinth, Eicchornia crassipes is native to the Amazon Basin.
- It was introduced to India for its beautiful flowers but has become invasive, draining oxygen from water bodies and causing significant ecological damage, particularly in Bengal.
- **Conclusion**: This option is also correct.

4. **Analyze Option (c): Parthenium hysterophorus**:
- Known as carrot grass, Parthenium hysterophorus is native to the American tropics.
- It was not intentionally introduced but came as a contaminant with imported food supplies. It has since become invasive, affecting agriculture, livestock, and human health.
- **Conclusion**: This option is correct as well.

5. **Final Conclusion**:
- Since all three species (Lantana camara, Eicchornia crassipes, and Parthenium hysterophorus) are exotic species that have turned into notorious weeds in India, the correct answer is (d) all of these.

### Final Answer:
(d) all of these