Which one of the following options gives one correct example each of convergent evolution and divergent evolution?

Options

A. `{:("Convergent evolution","Divergent evolution"),("Eyes of octopus and mammals","Bones of forelimbs of vertebrates"):}`
B. `{:("Convergent evolution","Divergent evolution"),("Thorns of Bougainvilea and tendrils of Cucurbita","Wings of butterfly"):}`
C. `{:("Convergent evolution","Divergent evolution"),("Bones of forelimbs of vertebrates","Wings of butterfly and birds"):}`
D. `{:("Convergent evolution","Divergent evolution"),("Thorns of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbila","mammals"):}`

Explanation

To solve the question regarding examples of convergent and divergent evolution, we need to understand the definitions and characteristics of both types of evolution. Here’s a step-by-step breakdown:

### Step 1: Understand Convergent Evolution
- **Definition**: Convergent evolution occurs when organisms from different evolutionary backgrounds develop similar traits or functions due to adapting to similar environments or ecological niches.
- **Example**: The eye of an octopus and the eye of a mammal. Both serve the function of vision but have different anatomical structures and origins.

**Hint**: Look for examples where unrelated species develop similar traits due to similar environmental pressures.

### Step 2: Understand Divergent Evolution
- **Definition**: Divergent evolution occurs when two or more related species evolve different traits or functions from a common ancestor due to adapting to different environments or ecological niches.
- **Example**: The forelimbs of vertebrates (such as humans, bats, and birds). They share a common anatomical structure and origin but have evolved different functions (e.g., flying in bats, grasping in humans).

**Hint**: Identify examples where related species have evolved different traits or functions from a common ancestor.

### Step 3: Analyze the Options
- **Option A**: Eye of octopus (convergent) and forelimbs of vertebrates (divergent) - This is correct.
- **Option B**: Thorn of bougainvillea and tendril of cucurbita - Both are homologous structures (divergent).
- **Option C**: Wing of butterfly (convergent) and bone of forelimb of vertebrate (divergent) - This mixes the two concepts incorrectly.
- **Option D**: Similar to option C, mixing convergent and divergent examples.

**Hint**: Compare each option against the definitions of convergent and divergent evolution to find the correct pair.

### Step 4: Conclusion
After analyzing the options, we find that **Option A** provides one correct example each of convergent evolution (eye of octopus and eye of mammal) and divergent evolution (forelimbs of vertebrates).

**Final Answer**: The correct answer is **Option A**.