Which of the following are the two key concepts of Darwinian theory of evolution?

Options

A. Genetic drift and mutation
B. Adaptive radiation and homology
C. Mutation and natural selection.
D. Branching descent and natural selection

Explanation

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Evolution**: Begin by recognizing that evolution is an ongoing process that leads to gradual changes in life forms over time. This is a fundamental concept in biology.

2. **Darwin's Contribution**: Identify that Charles Darwin, a British naturalist, proposed a widely accepted theory of evolution, which includes key concepts that explain how evolution occurs.

3. **Key Concept 1 - Natural Selection**:
- Define natural selection as a mechanism of evolution.
- Explain that within any population of a species, individuals exhibit variations.
- Some of these variations are beneficial, enhancing the organism's fitness, which refers to its ability to survive and reproduce in its environment.
- State that those individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, leading to an increase in the frequency of these traits in the population over generations.

4. **Key Concept 2 - Branching Descent**:
- Define branching descent as the process by which different species can evolve from a common ancestor.
- Explain that even though species may share a common lineage, they can diverge and adapt to different environments, leading to the emergence of diverse forms of life.
- Use an example, such as Darwin's finches, to illustrate how different species can arise from a common ancestor based on their unique adaptations.

5. **Conclusion**: Summarize that the two key concepts of Darwinian theory of evolution are:
- Natural Selection
- Branching Descent

**Final Answer**: The two key concepts of Darwinian theory of evolution are Natural Selection and Branching Descent.

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