Which of the following risks are associated with genetically modified foods ?

Options

A. Toxicity in human beings
B. Allergic reactions in human beings
C. Antibiotic resistance in microorganisms present in alimentary canal
D. all of these

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Genetically Modified Foods (GMOs):**
- Genetically modified foods are those whose genetic material has been altered using biotechnology. This alteration can involve the insertion or deletion of specific genes to achieve desired traits.

2. **Reasons for Genetic Modification:**
- The primary reasons for modifying the genes of crops include:
- Increasing yield.
- Providing resistance to pests and diseases.
- Enhancing nutritional content.

3. **Potential Risks Associated with GMOs:**
- While GMOs can offer benefits, they also pose several risks:
- **Toxicity:** The alteration of genes can lead to the production of substances that may be toxic to humans.
- **Allergic Reactions:** Genetic modifications can introduce new proteins that may trigger allergic reactions in some individuals.
- **Antibiotic Resistance:** Some genetically modified foods may carry genes that confer antibiotic resistance, which could affect the gut microbiota and lead to increased resistance in microorganisms.

4. **Conclusion:**
- Given the potential risks outlined above, all the mentioned risks are associated with genetically modified foods. Therefore, the correct answer is that all of these risks are associated with GMOs.

**Final Answer:**
All of the options are risks associated with genetically modified foods.

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