Ice fish and Antarctic fish remain active in extremely cold water due to

Options

A. development of thick layer of sub-cutaneous fat
B. development of extra solute in body fluids
C. development of ice nucleating protein in extra cellular spaces
D. both (b) and (c)

Answer

D

Explanation

Ice fish or Antarctic fish remains active even in extermely cold sea water due to cold hardiness. Cold hardiness is achieved by developing extra solutes in the body fluids and special ice nucleating proteins in the extracellular spaces. The extra solutes which prevent freezing are glycerol and antifreeze proteins. They lower the freezing point of body fluids.