Which of the following satatment is correct ?

Options

A. At sunset or sunrise, the sun's rays have to pass through a small distance in the atmosphere .
B. At sunset or sunrise the sun's rays have to pass through a larger distance in the atmosphere.
C. Rayleigh scattering which is proportional to `(1//lambda_(2))`
D. Most of the blue and other shorter wavelengths are not removed by scattering.

Explanation

To determine which statement is correct regarding the behavior of sunlight during sunrise and sunset, we can analyze each statement step by step.

### Step 1: Analyze the first statement
**Statement 1:** "At sunset or sunrise, the sun's rays have to pass through a small distance in the atmosphere."
- **Evaluation:** This statement is incorrect. During sunset and sunrise, the sun is near the horizon, and its rays must travel through a larger distance in the atmosphere due to the curvature of the Earth.

**Hint:** Consider the position of the sun relative to the horizon during sunset and sunrise.

### Step 2: Analyze the second statement
**Statement 2:** "At sunset or sunrise, the sun's rays have to pass through a larger distance in the atmosphere."
- **Evaluation:** This statement is correct. The rays of the sun travel through a greater thickness of the atmosphere when the sun is near the horizon compared to when it is overhead.

**Hint:** Think about how the angle of sunlight changes as the sun rises or sets.

### Step 3: Analyze the third statement
**Statement 3:** "Rayleigh scattering which is proportional to 1 by lambda square."
- **Evaluation:** This statement is incorrect. Rayleigh scattering is actually proportional to \( \frac{1}{\lambda^4} \), where \( \lambda \) is the wavelength of light. This means shorter wavelengths (like blue light) are scattered more than longer wavelengths (like red light).

**Hint:** Recall the relationship between wavelength and scattering in Rayleigh scattering.

### Step 4: Analyze the fourth statement
**Statement 4:** "Most of the blue and other shorter wavelengths are not removed by the scattering."
- **Evaluation:** This statement is also incorrect. In fact, shorter wavelengths (like blue and violet) are scattered more effectively than longer wavelengths. This is why the sky appears blue and why the sun looks red during sunrise and sunset.

**Hint:** Consider the effect of scattering on different wavelengths of light.

### Conclusion
After analyzing all the statements, we find that the correct statement is the second one: "At sunset or sunrise, the sun's rays have to pass through a larger distance in the atmosphere."