In the geiger -marsden scattering experiment the number of scattered detected are maximum and minimum at the scattering angles respectively at

Options

A. `0^@` and `180^@`
B. `180^@` and `0^@`
C. `90^@` and `180^@`
D. `45^@` and `90^@`

Explanation

To solve the question regarding the Geiger-Marsden scattering experiment, we need to analyze the behavior of alpha particles when they interact with a gold foil. Here’s a step-by-step solution:

### Step 1: Understanding the Experiment
In the Geiger-Marsden experiment, a beam of alpha particles is directed at a thin gold foil. The purpose of the experiment is to observe how these alpha particles scatter when they encounter the nuclei of the gold atoms.

**Hint:** Consider the structure of an atom and how alpha particles interact with it.

### Step 2: Analyzing Scattering Angles
When alpha particles hit the gold foil, they can scatter at various angles. The scattering angles of interest are 0 degrees (straight through) and 180 degrees (backscattering).

**Hint:** Think about what happens when an alpha particle passes close to the nucleus versus when it hits the nucleus directly.

### Step 3: Maximum Scattering at 0 Degrees
Most of the alpha particles pass through the gold foil without any deflection because the majority of the atom is empty space. Therefore, the maximum number of detected scattered particles occurs at 0 degrees, where the particles continue in the same direction.

**Hint:** Recall that the majority of alpha particles do not interact significantly with the atom.

### Step 4: Minimum Scattering at 180 Degrees
Only a small fraction of alpha particles (about 1 out of 1000) collide directly with the nucleus and are deflected back in the opposite direction (180 degrees). This results in the minimum number of detected particles at this angle.

**Hint:** Consider the likelihood of an alpha particle hitting the nucleus directly compared to passing through the empty space of the atom.

### Step 5: Conclusion
Based on the analysis, we conclude that the number of scattered particles is maximum at 0 degrees and minimum at 180 degrees.

**Final Answer:** The number of scattered particles is maximum at 0 degrees and minimum at 180 degrees.

### Summary of Steps:
1. Understand the experiment setup.
2. Analyze the scattering angles.
3. Identify maximum scattering at 0 degrees.
4. Identify minimum scattering at 180 degrees.
5. Conclude the findings.