Object may acquire an excess or deficiency of charge by

Options

A. electric force
B. heating
C. shaking
D. by rubbing

Explanation

To solve the question "Object may acquire an excess or deficiency of charge by," we will analyze the options provided and understand the process by which objects can gain or lose charge.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Charge Transfer**:
- Objects can acquire charge through various methods. The key concept is that charge is carried by electrons, which can be transferred from one object to another.

2. **Identifying Methods of Charge Acquisition**:
- The options provided include electric force, heating, shaking, and rubbing. We need to evaluate each method to determine which one effectively leads to the transfer of charge.

3. **Electric Force**:
- Electric force itself does not cause an object to gain or lose charge. It is a result of the presence of charge, not a method of acquiring it.

4. **Heating**:
- Heating can cause some materials to lose electrons, but it does not directly lead to a systematic transfer of charge between two objects. Therefore, it is not a reliable method for acquiring excess or deficiency of charge.

5. **Shaking**:
- Shaking objects may cause some charge redistribution, but it is not a common or effective method for transferring charge between two distinct objects.

6. **Rubbing**:
- Rubbing two different materials together (like a glass rod and silk) is a well-known method of charge transfer. This process, known as triboelectric charging, involves friction that allows electrons to move from one material to another.
- For example, when a glass rod is rubbed with silk, electrons are transferred from the glass rod to the silk, resulting in the glass rod becoming positively charged (deficient in electrons) and the silk becoming negatively charged (excess in electrons).

7. **Conclusion**:
- Based on the analysis, the correct answer is that an object may acquire an excess or deficiency of charge by **rubbing**.

### Final Answer:
**An object may acquire an excess or deficiency of charge by rubbing.**