Solubility of a substance is its maximum amount that can be dissolved in a specified amount of solvent. It depends upon
(i)nature of solute , (ii)nature of solvent , (iii)temperature , (iv)pressure

Options

A. only (i),(ii) and (iii)
B. only (i), (iii) and (iv)
C. only (i) and (iv)
D. (i),(ii),(iii) and (iv)

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Solubility**:
- Solubility is defined as the maximum amount of a substance (solute) that can be dissolved in a specified amount of solvent at a given temperature and pressure.

2. **Factors Affecting Solubility**:
- The solubility of a substance depends on several factors, which include:
- (i) Nature of the solute
- (ii) Nature of the solvent
- (iii) Temperature
- (iv) Pressure

3. **Nature of Solute and Solvent**:
- The nature of the solute and solvent plays a crucial role in solubility.
- Solubility is influenced by the interactions between solute and solvent particles.
- If the intermolecular forces (IMF) between solute and solvent are strong, the solubility will be high.
- Polarity is a key factor: polar solutes dissolve well in polar solvents due to strong interactions, while non-polar solutes dissolve in non-polar solvents.

4. **Effect of Temperature**:
- Temperature also affects solubility.
- Generally, an increase in temperature increases the solubility of solids in liquids because it helps break the solvent-solvent interactions, allowing solute particles to dissolve more readily.

5. **Effect of Pressure**:
- Pressure primarily affects the solubility of gases.
- According to Henry's Law, the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas above the liquid.
- Therefore, increasing the pressure increases the solubility of the gas.

6. **Conclusion**:
- All four factors (nature of solute, nature of solvent, temperature, and pressure) are correct in determining the solubility of a substance.

**Final Answer**: The correct option is D: all four factors (1, 2, 3, and 4) affect solubility.

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