Most of the transition metals exhibit
(i) paramagnetic behaviour
(ii) diamagnetic behaciour
(iii) variable oxidation states
(iv) formation of coloured ions

Options

A. (ii), (iii) and (iv)
B. (i) , (iii) and (iv)
C. (i), (ii) and (iii)
D. (i), (ii) and (iv)

Explanation

To solve the question regarding the properties exhibited by transition metals, we will analyze each statement one by one:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Paramagnetic Behavior**:
- Transition metals typically have unpaired electrons in their d-orbitals.
- For example, iron (Fe) has an electron configuration of [Ar] 3d^6 4s^2. In this configuration, there are four unpaired electrons.
- Paramagnetic substances are attracted to magnetic fields due to the presence of unpaired electrons. Therefore, most transition metals exhibit paramagnetic behavior.
- **Conclusion**: This statement is **correct**.

2. **Diamagnetic Behavior**:
- Diamagnetic substances have all their electrons paired, resulting in no net magnetic moment.
- Since most transition metals have unpaired electrons, they do not exhibit diamagnetic behavior.
- **Conclusion**: This statement is **incorrect**.

3. **Variable Oxidation States**:
- Transition metals can lose different numbers of electrons from their d and s orbitals, leading to various oxidation states.
- For example, manganese (Mn) can exhibit oxidation states of +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, and +7.
- The presence of unpaired electrons contributes to the ability of transition metals to exhibit variable oxidation states.
- **Conclusion**: This statement is **correct**.

4. **Formation of Colored Ions**:
- The color of transition metal ions is due to the presence of unpaired d-electrons. When light hits these ions, electrons can be excited from lower to higher energy d-orbitals.
- This transition of electrons leads to the absorption of specific wavelengths of light, resulting in the appearance of color.
- Most transition metals form colored ions, except for some like zinc (Zn) and scandium (Sc) which have fully filled d-orbitals.
- **Conclusion**: This statement is **correct**.

### Final Conclusion:
Based on the analysis:
- Statement 1: Correct (Paramagnetic behavior)
- Statement 2: Incorrect (Diamagnetic behavior)
- Statement 3: Correct (Variable oxidation states)
- Statement 4: Correct (Formation of colored ions)

Thus, the correct statements are 1, 3, and 4.

### Answer:
The correct option is **B**: Statements 1, 3, and 4 are correct.

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