Which of the following molecules has a regular tetrahedral shape?

Options

A. `[PdCl_(4)]^(2-)`
B. `[Pd(CN)_(4)]^(2-)`
C. `[Ni(CN)_(4)]^(2-)`
D. `[NiCl_(4)]^(2-)`

Explanation

To determine which of the following molecules has a regular tetrahedral shape, we will analyze the hybridization of the central metal atom in each complex. The tetrahedral geometry is associated with sp³ hybridization. Let's go through the given complexes one by one.

### Step 1: Analyze PdCl4²⁻
- **Oxidation State**: Palladium (Pd) is in the +2 oxidation state.
- **Electronic Configuration**: The electronic configuration of Pd is [Kr] 4d⁸ 5s². After losing 2 electrons, we have 4d⁸.
- **Hybridization**: Since Pd is a 4d element, pairing of electrons occurs regardless of the ligand strength. Therefore, the configuration is 4d⁸, which leads to dsp² hybridization.
- **Shape**: The shape corresponding to dsp² hybridization is square planar, not tetrahedral.

### Step 2: Analyze Pd(CN)4²⁻
- **Oxidation State**: Pd is again in the +2 oxidation state.
- **Electronic Configuration**: The configuration remains 4d⁸ after losing 2 electrons.
- **Hybridization**: Similar to the previous case, Pd will pair its electrons due to being a 4d element. The hybridization is again dsp².
- **Shape**: The shape is square planar, not tetrahedral.

### Step 3: Analyze Ni(CN)4²⁻
- **Oxidation State**: Nickel (Ni) is in the +2 oxidation state.
- **Electronic Configuration**: The configuration is 3d⁸ 4s² after losing 2 electrons.
- **Hybridization**: CN⁻ is a strong field ligand, which causes pairing of electrons. Therefore, the configuration remains 3d⁸, leading to dsp² hybridization.
- **Shape**: The shape is square planar, not tetrahedral.

### Step 4: Analyze NiCl4²⁻
- **Oxidation State**: Ni is in the +2 oxidation state.
- **Electronic Configuration**: The configuration is 3d⁸ 4s² after losing 2 electrons.
- **Hybridization**: Cl⁻ is a weak field ligand, so there is no pairing of electrons. The configuration remains 3d⁸, and we utilize the 4s and 4p orbitals for hybridization.
- **Hybridization**: The hybridization is sp³.
- **Shape**: The shape corresponding to sp³ hybridization is tetrahedral.

### Conclusion
The molecule that has a regular tetrahedral shape is **NiCl4²⁻** (Option D).