The major product obtained on interaction of phenol with sodium hydroxide and carbon dioxide is :

Options

A. benzoic acid
B. salicylaldehyde
C. salicylic acid
D. phthalic acid .

Explanation

To solve the problem of determining the major product obtained from the interaction of phenol with sodium hydroxide and carbon dioxide, we can follow these steps:

### Step 1: Understand the Reactants
The reactants in this reaction are phenol (C6H5OH), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and carbon dioxide (CO2).

### Step 2: Reaction of Phenol with Sodium Hydroxide
When phenol reacts with sodium hydroxide, it forms sodium phenoxide. This reaction can be represented as:
\[ \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{OH} + \text{NaOH} \rightarrow \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{O}^- \text{Na}^+ + \text{H}_2\text{O} \]
Here, phenol loses a proton (H+) and forms the phenoxide ion.

### Step 3: Reaction of Sodium Phenoxide with Carbon Dioxide
The sodium phenoxide then reacts with carbon dioxide under specific conditions (high temperature and pressure). This is known as the Kolbe's electrolysis or Kolbe's reaction. The reaction can be represented as:
\[ \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{O}^- \text{Na}^+ + \text{CO}_2 \rightarrow \text{Sodium Phenyl Carbonate} \]
This product can be represented as:
\[ \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{O}^- \text{C(=O)O} \text{Na} \]

### Step 4: Rearrangement to Form Salicylic Acid
The sodium phenyl carbonate undergoes a rearrangement to form sodium salicylate:
\[ \text{Sodium Phenyl Carbonate} \rightarrow \text{Sodium Salicylate} \]
This compound can be represented as:
\[ \text{C}_6\text{H}_4(\text{OH})(\text{COONa}) \]

### Step 5: Acidification to Obtain Salicylic Acid
Finally, when sodium salicylate is treated with an acid (like HCl), it yields salicylic acid:
\[ \text{Sodium Salicylate} + \text{H}^+ \rightarrow \text{Salicylic Acid} + \text{Na}^+ \]
The structure of salicylic acid is:
\[ \text{C}_6\text{H}_4(\text{OH})(\text{COOH}) \]

### Conclusion
The major product obtained from the interaction of phenol with sodium hydroxide and carbon dioxide is **salicylic acid**.

### Final Answer
The correct option is **C: Salicylic Acid**.

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