Assertion : In Rutherford's `alpha`-particle scattering experiment, most of the `alpha`-particles were deflected by nearly `180^(@)`.
Reason : The positive charge of the atom is spread throughout the atom that repelled and deflected the positively charged `alpha`-particles.

Options

A. If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
B. If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
C. If assertion is true but reason is false.
D. If both assertion and reason are false.

Explanation

To solve the question, we need to analyze both the assertion and the reason provided in the statements.

### Step 1: Analyze the Assertion
The assertion states: "In Rutherford's alpha particle scattering experiment, most of the alpha particles were deflected by nearly 180 degrees."

- In Rutherford's experiment, a beam of alpha particles was directed at a thin gold foil. The expectation was that if the positive charge was spread throughout the atom, most alpha particles would pass through with minimal deflection. However, Rutherford observed that while some alpha particles were deflected at large angles (including nearly 180 degrees), the majority passed straight through the foil without significant deflection.

**Conclusion**: The assertion is **false** because most alpha particles did not get deflected by nearly 180 degrees; they mostly passed straight through.

### Step 2: Analyze the Reason
The reason states: "The positive charge of the atom is spread throughout the atom that repelled and deflected the positively charged alpha particles."

- This statement is also incorrect. Rutherford concluded that the positive charge of the atom is not spread throughout but rather concentrated in a small region known as the nucleus. If the positive charge were spread out, we would expect more deflections of the alpha particles, which was not the case. The majority of alpha particles passed through without being repelled or deflected significantly.

**Conclusion**: The reason is also **false** because it misrepresents the distribution of positive charge in the atom.

### Final Conclusion
Since both the assertion and the reason are false, the correct answer to the question is that both statements are incorrect.