which of the following elements has the highest value of second ionization energy?

Options

A. `1s^(2)2s^(2)2p^(6)3s^(2)`
B. `1s^(2)2s^(2)2p^(6)3s^(1)`
C. `1s^(2)2s^(2)2p^(6)3s^(2)`
D. `1s^(2)2s^(2)2p^(6)3s^(2)3p^(3)`

Explanation

To determine which element has the highest value of second ionization energy, we need to analyze the electronic configurations provided in the options. Let's break down the solution step by step.

### Step 1: Understand Ionization Energy
- **Definition**: Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom. The first ionization energy refers to the removal of the first electron, while the second ionization energy refers to the removal of the second electron.

### Step 2: Analyze the Electronic Configurations
- We have four electronic configurations to analyze:
1. **Option A**: 2p6 3s2
2. **Option B**: 2p6 3s1
3. **Option C**: 2p6 3s2 (same as Option A)
4. **Option D**: 2p6 3p3

### Step 3: Evaluate Each Configuration
1. **Option A (2p6 3s2)**:
- This configuration is stable (full outer shell).
- **First Ionization Energy**: High (difficult to remove the first electron).
- **Second Ionization Energy**: Low (easier to remove the second electron).
- **Conclusion**: Not the correct answer.

2. **Option B (2p6 3s1)**:
- This configuration has one electron in the outermost shell.
- **First Ionization Energy**: Low (easy to remove the first electron).
- After removal, it becomes 2p6 (stable configuration).
- **Second Ionization Energy**: High (difficult to remove the second electron from a stable configuration).
- **Conclusion**: This is a strong candidate for the highest second ionization energy.

3. **Option C (2p6 3s2)**:
- Same as Option A.
- **Conclusion**: Not the correct answer.

4. **Option D (2p6 3p3)**:
- This configuration is half-filled.
- **First Ionization Energy**: High (difficult to remove the first electron).
- **Second Ionization Energy**: Low (easier to remove the second electron).
- **Conclusion**: Not the correct answer.

### Step 4: Conclusion
- After evaluating all options, **Option B (2p6 3s1)** has the highest second ionization energy because it becomes a stable configuration after the first electron is removed, making it difficult to remove the second electron.

### Final Answer:
**Option B** has the highest value of second ionization energy.