Read the following statements regarding spontaneity of a process and mark the appropriate choice.
(i) When enthalpy factor is absent then randomness factor decides spontaneity of a process.
(ii) When randomness factor is absent then enthalpy factor decides spontaneity of a process.
(iii) When both the factors take place simultaneously, the magnitude of both of factors decide spontaneity of a process.

Options

A. Statements (i) and (ii) are correct and (iii) is incorrect.
B. Statement (iii) is correct, (i) and (ii) are incorrect.
C. Statements (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct.
D. Statements (i), (ii) and (iii) are incorrect.

Answer

To determine the spontaneity of a process based on the given statements, we need to analyze each statement in the context of Gibbs free energy (ΔG), which is defined as:

\[ \Delta G = \Delta H - T \Delta S \]

where:
- ΔG = change in Gibbs free energy
- ΔH = change in enthalpy
- ΔS = change in entropy
- T = temperature in Kelvin

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Spontaneity**:
- A process is spontaneous if the change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG) is negative (ΔG < 0). This means that both enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS) play a role in determining spontaneity.

2. **Analyzing Statement (i)**:
- Statement (i) claims that when the enthalpy factor is absent, the randomness factor (entropy) decides spontaneity.
- This is incorrect because spontaneity cannot depend solely on entropy; it also requires consideration of enthalpy. Therefore, this statement is false.

3. **Analyzing Statement (ii)**:
- Statement (ii) states that when the randomness factor is absent, the enthalpy factor decides spontaneity.
- This is also incorrect for the same reason as above. Spontaneity cannot depend solely on enthalpy; entropy must also be considered. Thus, this statement is false.

4. **Analyzing Statement (iii)**:
- Statement (iii) asserts that when both factors (enthalpy and entropy) take place simultaneously, the magnitude of both factors decides spontaneity.
- This statement is true. Since spontaneity is determined by the balance of ΔH and ΔS in the Gibbs free energy equation, both factors must be considered together to assess spontaneity.

5. **Conclusion**:
- Since statements (i) and (ii) are incorrect and statement (iii) is correct, the appropriate choice is that statement (iii) is the only correct statement.

### Final Answer:
The correct option is that statement (iii) is correct, while statements (i) and (ii) are incorrect.

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