In which of the following solvents is silver chloride most soluble ?

Options

A. `0.1"mol dm"^(-3)AgNO_(3)" solution"`
B. `0.1" mol dm"^(-3)HCl" solution"`
C. `H_(2)O`
D. Aqueous ammonia

Explanation

To determine in which solvent silver chloride (AgCl) is most soluble, we will analyze each option provided.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Silver Chloride Solubility**:
Silver chloride is a sparingly soluble salt in water. Its dissociation in solution can be represented as:
\[ \text{AgCl} \rightleftharpoons \text{Ag}^+ + \text{Cl}^- \]

2. **Analyzing Option 1: AgNO3**:
- In this solvent, AgNO3 dissociates into Ag⁺ and NO3⁻ ions:
\[ \text{AgNO}_3 \rightleftharpoons \text{Ag}^+ + \text{NO}_3^- \]
- Since Ag⁺ ions are present in both the solute (AgCl) and the solvent (AgNO3), this creates a common ion effect. The presence of additional Ag⁺ ions will shift the equilibrium to the left, resulting in decreased solubility of AgCl.
- **Conclusion**: AgCl solubility decreases in AgNO3.

3. **Analyzing Option 2: HCl**:
- HCl dissociates into H⁺ and Cl⁻ ions:
\[ \text{HCl} \rightleftharpoons \text{H}^+ + \text{Cl}^- \]
- Here, Cl⁻ ions are also present in both the solute and the solvent, leading to a common ion effect. This will also shift the equilibrium to the left, decreasing the solubility of AgCl.
- **Conclusion**: AgCl solubility decreases in HCl.

4. **Analyzing Option 3: H2O**:
- Water is a polar solvent, but AgCl is known to be poorly soluble in it. Thus, there will be minimal dissociation of AgCl in pure water.
- **Conclusion**: AgCl solubility is very low in H2O.

5. **Analyzing Option 4: Aqueous Ammonia (NH3)**:
- In aqueous ammonia, AgCl can form a complex with NH3:
\[ \text{AgCl} + 2 \text{NH}_3 \rightleftharpoons \text{[Ag(NH}_3\text{)}_2]^+ + \text{Cl}^- \]
- The formation of this complex increases the solubility of AgCl because it effectively removes Ag⁺ ions from the solution, shifting the equilibrium to the right and allowing more AgCl to dissolve.
- **Conclusion**: AgCl solubility increases in aqueous ammonia.

### Final Answer:
The solvent in which silver chloride is most soluble is **aqueous ammonia (Option 4)**.

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