What are the raw materials used in solvay's process?

Options

A. `NaCl,NH_(3),CaCO_(3)`
B. `NaOH,CO_(2)`
C. `NaCl,CaCO_(3),C,H_(2)SO_(4)`
D. `NH_(3),H_(2)O,H_(2)SO_(4)`

Answer

To answer the question about the raw materials used in Solvay's process, we can break down the process step by step:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Solvay's Process**:
- Solvay's process is a method for producing sodium carbonate (soda ash) from sodium chloride (brine), ammonia, and carbon dioxide.

2. **Identifying the Raw Materials**:
- The main raw materials used in Solvay's process are:
- **Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)**: This is limestone, which is the source of carbon dioxide.
- **Ammonia (NH3)**: This is used in the reaction with carbon dioxide.
- **Brine (NaCl)**: This is a concentrated solution of sodium chloride, which provides sodium ions for the production of sodium carbonate.

3. **Chemical Reactions Involved**:
- **Decomposition of Calcium Carbonate**:
\[ \text{CaCO}_3 \rightarrow \text{CaO} + \text{CO}_2 \uparrow \]
- Here, calcium carbonate decomposes to produce calcium oxide and carbon dioxide gas.
- **Reaction of Carbon Dioxide with Ammonia**:
\[ \text{CO}_2 + \text{NH}_3 + \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow \text{NH}_4\text{HCO}_3 \]
- Carbon dioxide reacts with ammonia and water to form ammonium bicarbonate.
- **Formation of Sodium Bicarbonate**:
\[ \text{NH}_4\text{HCO}_3 + \text{NaCl} \rightarrow \text{NaHCO}_3 + \text{NH}_4\text{Cl} \]
- Ammonium bicarbonate reacts with sodium chloride to form sodium bicarbonate and ammonium chloride.
- **Precipitation of Sodium Bicarbonate**:
- Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) is insoluble in water and precipitates out.
- **Decomposition of Sodium Bicarbonate**:
\[ 2 \text{NaHCO}_3 \rightarrow \text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3 + \text{H}_2\text{O} + \text{CO}_2 \uparrow \]
- Sodium bicarbonate decomposes to produce sodium carbonate, water, and carbon dioxide.

4. **Conclusion**:
- The raw materials used in Solvay's process are:
- **Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)**
- **Ammonia (NH3)**
- **Brine (NaCl)**

### Final Answer:
The raw materials used in Solvay's process are Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3), Ammonia (NH3), and Brine (NaCl).

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