Which of the following solutions has highest bolling point?

Options

A. 0.1 m glucose in water
B. 0.1 m sucrose in water
C. 0.1 m NaCl in water
D. 0.1 m CaCl_2 in water

Answer

To determine which solution has the highest boiling point among the given options, we need to consider the colligative properties of solutions, specifically boiling point elevation. The boiling point elevation depends on the number of solute particles in the solution. Here are the steps to solve the problem:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Identify the Solutions**:
Assume we have three solutions:
- Solution A: Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆)
- Solution B: Sucrose (C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁)
- Solution C: Sodium Chloride (NaCl)
- Solution D: Calcium Chloride (CaCl₂)

2. **Determine the Concentration**:
All solutions are given at a concentration of 0.1 molar (0.1 M).

3. **Calculate the Number of Particles**:
- **Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆)**: It does not dissociate in solution, so it contributes 1 particle per formula unit.
- Total particles = 0.1 mol × 1 = 0.1 mol of particles.
- **Sucrose (C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁)**: Like glucose, it does not dissociate, contributing 1 particle per formula unit.
- Total particles = 0.1 mol × 1 = 0.1 mol of particles.
- **Sodium Chloride (NaCl)**: It dissociates into 2 ions (Na⁺ and Cl⁻).
- Total particles = 0.1 mol × 2 = 0.2 mol of particles.
- **Calcium Chloride (CaCl₂)**: It dissociates into 3 ions (Ca²⁺ and 2 Cl⁻).
- Total particles = 0.1 mol × 3 = 0.3 mol of particles.

4. **Compare the Number of Particles**:
- Glucose: 0.1 mol of particles
- Sucrose: 0.1 mol of particles
- Sodium Chloride: 0.2 mol of particles
- Calcium Chloride: 0.3 mol of particles

5. **Determine the Highest Boiling Point**:
The boiling point elevation is directly proportional to the number of particles in the solution. Therefore, the solution with the highest number of particles will have the highest boiling point.

6. **Conclusion**:
Calcium Chloride (CaCl₂) has the highest number of particles (0.3 mol), thus it will have the highest boiling point among the given solutions.

### Final Answer:
The solution with the highest boiling point is the one containing Calcium Chloride (CaCl₂).

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