Which of the following statement is incorrect?

Options

A. Gravitational forces are medium dependent
B. Gravitational forces are central forces
C. Gravitational force is an action reaction pair
D. Both (1) and (2)

Answer

To determine which statement is incorrect regarding gravitational forces, we will analyze each statement one by one.

### Step 1: Analyze Statement 1
**Statement 1:** Gravitational forces depend on medium.

- Gravitational force between two masses \( m_1 \) and \( m_2 \) separated by a distance \( r \) is given by the formula:
\[ F = \frac{G m_1 m_2}{r^2} \]
where \( G \) is the universal gravitational constant.
- This formula does not include any term related to the medium. Therefore, gravitational forces do not depend on the medium in which the masses are located.

**Conclusion for Statement 1:** This statement is incorrect.

### Step 2: Analyze Statement 2
**Statement 2:** Gravitational forces are central forces.

- Gravitational forces act along the line joining the centers of the two masses. This means that they always pull the objects towards each other’s centers.
- For example, when standing on Earth, you are pulled towards the center of the Earth due to gravitational force.

**Conclusion for Statement 2:** This statement is correct.

### Step 3: Analyze Statement 3
**Statement 3:** Gravitational forces are an action-reaction pair.

- According to Newton's third law of motion, for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
- When mass \( m_1 \) exerts a gravitational force on mass \( m_2 \), mass \( m_2 \) exerts an equal and opposite gravitational force on mass \( m_1 \).

**Conclusion for Statement 3:** This statement is also correct.

### Final Conclusion
- Statement 1 is incorrect because gravitational forces do not depend on the medium.
- Statements 2 and 3 are correct.

Thus, the answer to the question is that **Statement 1 is incorrect**.

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