How are traits controlled by genes ?

Explanation

Cellular DNA is the information source for making proteins in the cell.
`rarr` Gene is a section of DNA that provides information for specific protein.
`rarr` Such protein may act as an enzyme.
Enzyme stimulates spe reaction organism.
`rarr` The product that is formed in the reaction imparts specific characteristic.
`rarr` Example : Tallness is a characteristic or trait of garden pea plant.
`rarr` Plant height depends on the amount of a particular plant hormone synthesized, which in turn trigger the growth.
`rarr` The amount of the plant hormone synthesized depends upon the efficiency of the process for synthesising respective enzyme.
`rarr` If specific enzyme/protein works efficiently, more hormone is released and the plant becomes tall.
`rarr` If the gene for tallness is altered, the enzyme is less efficient, the amount of hormone formed will also be less. Consequently making plant short.
Thus, genes control characteristics or traits via synthesis of proteins.