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Choose the correct statement. Br a. Fitn...

Choose the correct statement. Br a. Fitness has a genetic basis. Br b. Fitness is the end result of the ability to adapt and get selected by nature. Br C. The rate of appearance of new forms is not linked to the life cycle or lifespan of organisms. Br d. According to Lamarck elongated neck of Giraffes is acquired character and passed to the succeeding generation.

A

a & b only

B

a, b &c only

C

a, b & d only

D

a, b, c&d

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Below a passage is given with ten blanks labelled (A)-(J). Below the passage, five options are given for each blank. Choose the word that fits each blank most appropriately in the context of the passage, and mark the corresponding answer. Mahathir Mohamad, who __(A)__ off a stunning general election win, will not be sworn in as the new prime minister of Malaysia on Thursday, a spokesman for the King’s palace said, but gave no reason for the change in schedule. Mr. Mohamad had said shortly after declaring __(B)__ that the King would sign his letter of appointment as Prime Minister of Malaysia’s constitutional __(C)__ during a ceremony at the royal palace in the capital, Kuala Lumpur on Thursday. But palace authorities said there would be no such event and a spokesman for Mr. Mohamad, the 92-yer-old veteran former Prime Minister, said he had not heard from the palace and had no plan to go there. Mr. Mohamad’s opposition __(D)__ won the simple majority it required to form a new government in Wednesday’s polls, a stunning result that will end six decades of rule by a __(E)__ he once led. Malaysians celebrated Mr. Mohamad’s unexpected victory over Prime Minister Najib Razak, whose popularity had __(F)__ over rising living costs and in the wake of a multi-billion-dollar graft scandal at 1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB). Mr. Mohamad led the Southeast Asian nation for 22 years and his unexpected return to the prime ministership ends the previously unbroken rule of Barisan Nasional (BN), the coalition that had governed Malaysia __(G)__ independence from Britain in 1957. “We are not seeking revenge, what we want is to restore the rule of law,” Mr. Mohamad said of Najib’s scandal-plagued rule. He appeared jubilant and __(H)__ at a news conference claiming victory overnight. Mr. Razak began an address to media in the late morning. A member of his cabinet said they would accept the will of the people. The stunning election outcome was expected to __(I)__ financial markets that were expecting a comfortable win for Mr. Najib and the BN. Malaysia’s currency __(J)__ in offshore trading on Thursday, with the ringgit one-month non-deliverable forward falling 1.7 pct. The U.S.-traded iShares MSCI Malaysia ETF fell 6 percent. Which of the following words most appropriately fits the blank labelled (A)?

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions: Reduction of carboxylic acids and their derivatives plays an important role in organic synthesis, in both laboratory and industrial processes. Traditionally, the reduction is performed using stochiometric amounts of hydride reagents, generating stochiometric amounts of waste. A much more attractive, atom-economical approach is a catalytic reaction using H_2 , however, hydrogenation of carboxylic acid derivatives under mild conditions is a very challenging task, with amides presenting the highest challenge among all classes of carbonyl compounds. Very few examples of the important hydrogenation of amides to amines, in which the C-O bond is cleaved with the liberation of water (Scheme 1), were reported. C-O cleavage of amides can also be affected with silanes as reducing agents. We have now prepared the new, dearomatized, bipyridine-based pincer complex 3, catalyst 3(Here refered as Cat. 3). Remarkably, it efficiently catalyzes the selective hydrogenation of amides to form amines and alcohols (eq 1). The reaction proceeds under mild pressure and neutral conditions, with no additives being required. Since the reaction proceeds well under anhydrous conditions, hydrolytic cleavage of the amide is not involved in this process. (Balaraman, E., Gnanaprakasam, B., Shimon, L. J., & Milstein, D. (2010). Direct hydrogenation of amides to alcohols and amines under mild conditions. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 132(47), 16756-16758.) In the following questions, a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices on the basis of the above passage. Assertion: Use of hydride catalyst or hydrogen brings about cleavage of C-O bond in amides. Reason: Hydride catalyst or hydrogen cause to reduction of amides.

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Read the passage given below and answer the following questions: Reduction of carboxylic acids and their derivatives plays an important role in organic synthesis, in both laboratory and industrial processes. Traditionally, the reduction is performed using stochiometric amounts of hydride reagents, generating stochiometric amounts of waste. A much more attractive, atom-economical approach is a catalytic reaction using H_2 , however, hydrogenation of carboxylic acid derivatives under mild conditions is a very challenging task, with amides presenting the highest challenge among all classes of carbonyl compounds. Very few examples of the important hydrogenation of amides to amines, in which the C-O bond is cleaved with the liberation of water (Scheme 1), were reported. C-O cleavage of amides can also be affected with silanes as reducing agents. We have now prepared the new, dearomatized, bipyridine-based pincer complex 3, catalyst 3(Here refered as Cat. 3). Remarkably, it efficiently catalyzes the selective hydrogenation of amides to form amines and alcohols (eq 1). The reaction proceeds under mild pressure and neutral conditions, with no additives being required. Since the reaction proceeds well under anhydrous conditions, hydrolytic cleavage of the amide is not involved in this process. (Balaraman, E., Gnanaprakasam, B., Shimon, L. J., & Milstein, D. (2010). Direct hydrogenation of amides to alcohols and amines under mild conditions. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 132(47), 16756-16758.) In the following questions, a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices on the basis of the above passage. Assertion: The use of catalyst 3 is an efficient method of preparation of primary amines Reason: Use of catalyst 3 is a step down reaction.

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions: Reduction of carboxylic acids and their derivatives plays an important role in organic synthesis, in both laboratory and industrial processes. Traditionally, the reduction is performed using stochiometric amounts of hydride reagents, generating stochiometric amounts of waste. A much more attractive, atom-economical approach is a catalytic reaction using H_2 , however, hydrogenation of carboxylic acid derivatives under mild conditions is a very challenging task, with amides presenting the highest challenge among all classes of carbonyl compounds. Very few examples of the important hydrogenation of amides to amines, in which the C-O bond is cleaved with the liberation of water (Scheme 1), were reported. C-O cleavage of amides can also be affected with silanes as reducing agents. We have now prepared the new, dearomatized, bipyridine-based pincer complex 3, catalyst 3(Here refered as Cat. 3). Remarkably, it efficiently catalyzes the selective hydrogenation of amides to form amines and alcohols (eq 1). The reaction proceeds under mild pressure and neutral conditions, with no additives being required. Since the reaction proceeds well under anhydrous conditions, hydrolytic cleavage of the amide is not involved in this process. (Balaraman, E., Gnanaprakasam, B., Shimon, L. J., & Milstein, D. (2010). Direct hydrogenation of amides to alcohols and amines under mild conditions. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 132(47), 16756-16758.) In the following questions, a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices on the basis of the above passage. Assertion: Aniline can be prepared from suitable amide using catalyst 3 Reason: The use of catalyst 3 is limited to aliphatic amides only.