Which of the following kingdoms include organisms with chemosynthetic autotrophic mode of nutrition?

Options

A. Plantae
B. Protista
C. Monera
D. Fungi

Answer

To solve the question regarding which kingdom includes organisms with a chemosynthetic autotrophic mode of nutrition, we can follow these steps:

### Step 1: Understand the terms
- **Autotrophic**: Organisms that can produce their own food.
- **Chemosynthetic**: Refers to organisms that obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic substances, rather than through photosynthesis.

### Step 2: Identify the kingdoms
The main biological kingdoms include:
1. Monera
2. Protista
3. Fungi
4. Plantae
5. Animalia

### Step 3: Analyze each kingdom
- **Monera**: This kingdom includes prokaryotic organisms, such as bacteria. Some bacteria are known to be chemosynthetic, using inorganic compounds to produce energy.
- **Protista**: While some protists can be autotrophic, they primarily rely on photosynthesis rather than chemosynthesis.
- **Fungi**: Fungi are primarily saprophytic, meaning they obtain nutrients by decomposing organic matter.
- **Plantae**: This kingdom is primarily composed of photosynthetic organisms, which use sunlight to produce food.

### Step 4: Conclusion
Based on the analysis, the kingdom that includes organisms with a chemosynthetic autotrophic mode of nutrition is **Monera**.

### Final Answer
The answer is **Monera**.

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