stuned growth in absence of mycorrhiza can be seen in

Options

A. pinus
B. orchids
C. cycas
D. bryophytes

Answer

To solve the question regarding which plant exhibits stunted growth in the absence of mycorrhizae, we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Mycorrhizae**:
- Mycorrhizae are symbiotic associations between fungi and the roots of higher plants. They play a crucial role in enhancing nutrient and water uptake for the plants.

2. **Analyzing the Options**:
- **A. Pinus**: This is a genus of coniferous trees (gymnosperms) that often relies on mycorrhizal associations for nutrient absorption.
- **B. Orchids**: Orchids have a unique relationship with fungi, but many species can survive without mycorrhizae, especially in mature stages.
- **C. Cycles**: This option seems to be a typographical error; it might refer to "Cycads," which also have mycorrhizal relationships but can survive without them to some extent.
- **D. Bryophytes**: These non-vascular plants do not typically form mycorrhizal associations and are less dependent on them for growth.

3. **Identifying the Correct Answer**:
- Among the options, **Pinus** is known to exhibit stunted growth when mycorrhizal fungi are absent. This is because Pinus species heavily rely on mycorrhizae for nutrient uptake, especially phosphorus.

4. **Conclusion**:
- Therefore, the correct answer to the question is **A. Pinus**.