select the correct set of steps involved in the process of decomposition. (a) stratification, (b) catabolism, (c) fragmentation, (d) mineralization, (e) leaching

Options

A. (a), (b) and (d)
B. (a), (c) and (e)
C. all except (e)
D. all except (a)

Answer

To solve the question regarding the correct set of steps involved in the process of decomposition, we will analyze each option provided and determine their relevance to the decomposition process.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Decomposition**:
- Decomposition is the process through which dead organic matter is broken down into simpler organic and inorganic substances. This process is crucial for nutrient cycling in ecosystems.

2. **Analyzing Each Term**:
- **Stratification (a)**: This term refers to the vertical layering of habitats and is not directly involved in the decomposition process. Therefore, it is not a step in decomposition.
- **Catabolism (b)**: This is a metabolic process where larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones, releasing energy. Catabolism is indeed a key step in decomposition.
- **Fragmentation (c)**: This refers to the breaking down of detritus (dead organic matter) into smaller pieces, which is an essential step in the decomposition process. It allows microorganisms to access the organic matter more easily.
- **Mineralization (d)**: This is the process where organic matter is broken down into inorganic substances, such as minerals. This step is crucial for returning nutrients to the soil.
- **Leaching (e)**: This process involves the washing away of nutrients from the soil into water bodies. While it is related to nutrient cycling, it is not a direct step in the decomposition process.

3. **Identifying the Correct Steps**:
- Based on the analysis, the steps that are directly involved in decomposition are:
- Catabolism (b)
- Fragmentation (c)
- Mineralization (d)

4. **Selecting the Correct Option**:
- The correct set of steps involved in the decomposition process includes catabolism, fragmentation, and mineralization. Therefore, the option that includes these steps and excludes stratification and leaching is the correct answer.

### Conclusion:
The correct answer is the option that includes (b) Catabolism, (c) Fragmentation, and (d) Mineralization.