select the correct sequence of stages in xerarch succession.

Options

A. lichens rarr bryophytes rarr shrubs rarr herbs rarr forest
B. lichensrarr bryophytes rarr herbs rarr shrubs rarr forest
C. grass rarr bryophytes rarr shrubs rarr herbs rarr forest
D. mossrarr grassrarr shrubs rarr herbs rarr forest

Answer

To determine the correct sequence of stages in xerarch succession, we need to understand the process of ecological succession that occurs in dry conditions. Here’s a step-by-step breakdown of the stages involved in xerarch succession:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Initial Stage - Lichens**: The process begins with the colonization of bare rocks by lichens. Lichens are pioneer organisms that can survive in extreme conditions and start the process of weathering the rock.

**Hint**: Remember that lichens are the first organisms to colonize bare surfaces in xerarch succession.

2. **Soil Formation**: As lichens grow, they contribute to the weathering of the rock, leading to the formation of soil. This is a crucial step, as soil is necessary for the growth of other plants.

**Hint**: Think of lichens as nature's builders, creating soil from rock.

3. **Bryophytes**: Once soil is formed, the next stage involves the growth of bryophytes (mosses). These plants require moisture and are important for further soil development.

**Hint**: Bryophytes thrive in moist conditions, which follow the initial soil formation.

4. **Herbs**: After bryophytes, herbaceous plants begin to establish themselves. These plants can grow in the newly formed soil and contribute to further soil enrichment.

**Hint**: Herbs are typically the next step after bryophytes in ecological succession.

5. **Shrubs**: Following the establishment of herbs, shrubs start to grow. They require more developed soil and contribute to the habitat complexity.

**Hint**: Shrubs provide more structure to the ecosystem compared to herbs.

6. **Forest (Climax Community)**: Finally, the ecosystem reaches a climax community, which is typically a forest. This stage represents a stable environment with a diverse range of flora and fauna.

**Hint**: The climax community is characterized by a rich biodiversity and stable conditions.

### Summary of the Correct Sequence:
- Lichens → Bryophytes → Herbs → Shrubs → Forest

### Conclusion:
The correct answer to the question regarding the sequence of stages in xerarch succession is the second option, which includes all the stages in the correct order: Lichens, Bryophytes, Herbs, Shrubs, and Forest.