Haldane's effect explains

Options

A. formation of sodium bicarbonate
B. formation of carbaminohemoglobin
C. dissociation ofCO_2 from hemoglobin in the lungs
D. all of the above

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Haldane's Effect**: Haldane's effect is a physiological phenomenon that describes how the binding of oxygen to hemoglobin in the lungs facilitates the release of carbon dioxide (CO2) from hemoglobin in the blood. This effect is crucial for efficient gas exchange in the respiratory system.

2. **Oxygenation and CO2 Release**: When hemoglobin binds to oxygen in the lungs, it changes its shape, which reduces its affinity for CO2. This means that as oxygen levels increase, CO2 is more readily released from hemoglobin into the alveoli of the lungs to be exhaled.

3. **Analyzing the Options**:
- **Option A**: Formation of sodium bicarbonate – This is not directly related to Haldane's effect, as it pertains to the buffering of blood and CO2 transport.
- **Option B**: Formation of carboaminohemoglobin – This refers to CO2 binding to hemoglobin, which is not what Haldane's effect describes.
- **Option C**: Dissociation of CO2 from hemoglobin in lungs – This option accurately reflects Haldane's effect, as it describes the release of CO2 when oxygen binds to hemoglobin.

4. **Conclusion**: Based on the analysis, the correct answer is **Option C**: Dissociation of CO2 from hemoglobin in lungs.

**Final Answer**: Haldane's effect explains the dissociation of CO2 from hemoglobin in the lungs.

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