HCO_3^- ions formed inside RBCs diffuse out into the plasma an Cl^- ions enter into RBCs at tissue level. The above mentioned statement is correct description of

Options

A. Hamburger's phenomenon
B. Haldane's effect
C. Chloride Shift
D. Both (1) &(3)

Answer

To solve the question regarding the diffusion of HCO₃⁻ ions and Cl⁻ ions in red blood cells (RBCs) at the tissue level, we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the Process**:
- In the tissues, carbon dioxide (CO₂) produced by cellular metabolism diffuses into the RBCs. Inside the RBCs, CO₂ is converted into bicarbonate ions (HCO₃⁻) through the action of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase.

2. **Formation of Bicarbonate Ions**:
- The reaction that occurs is:
\[ \text{CO}_2 + \text{H}_2\text{O} \leftrightarrow \text{H}_2\text{CO}_3 \leftrightarrow \text{HCO}_3^- + \text{H}^+ \]
- This results in an increase in the concentration of bicarbonate ions inside the RBCs.

3. **Diffusion of Bicarbonate Ions**:
- The HCO₃⁻ ions then diffuse out of the RBCs into the plasma. This is a crucial step for maintaining the acid-base balance in the blood.

4. **Chloride Shift**:
- To maintain electrical neutrality as HCO₃⁻ ions leave the RBCs, chloride ions (Cl⁻) from the plasma enter the RBCs. This exchange of bicarbonate and chloride ions is known as the "Chloride Shift" or "Hamburger's Phenomenon".

5. **Conclusion**:
- The statement in the question accurately describes the process of internal respiration at the tissue level, specifically highlighting the chloride shift that occurs alongside the diffusion of bicarbonate ions.

### Final Answer:
The correct description of the process mentioned in the question is **Hamburger's Phenomenon** (also known as Chloride Shift).

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