Read the following statements regarding Rib cage and its components,
a-Formed by ribs, sternum and thoracic vertebrae,
b- Ribs articulate with sternum on dorsal side and thoracic vertebrae on ventral side.
c- Vertebral ribs articulate with thoracic vertebrae only.
d- First 8 pairs of ribs directly articulate with sternum. Choose the option which includes only incorrect statements

Options

A. (a) & (b)
B. (a) only
C. (b) & (d)
D. (b), (c) & (d)

Answer

To solve the question regarding the rib cage and its components, we need to evaluate each statement and identify which ones are incorrect. Let's analyze each statement step by step.

### Step 1: Analyze Statement A
- **Statement A**: "Formed by ribs, sternum and thoracic vertebrae."
- **Evaluation**: This statement is correct. The rib cage is indeed formed by these components.

### Step 2: Analyze Statement B
- **Statement B**: "Ribs articulate with sternum on dorsal side and thoracic vertebrae on ventral side."
- **Evaluation**: This statement is incorrect. Ribs articulate with the sternum on the ventral side (front) and with the thoracic vertebrae on the dorsal side (back).

### Step 3: Analyze Statement C
- **Statement C**: "Vertebral ribs articulate with thoracic vertebrae only."
- **Evaluation**: This statement is correct. Vertebral ribs (also known as floating ribs) do not connect to the sternum and only articulate with the thoracic vertebrae.

### Step 4: Analyze Statement D
- **Statement D**: "First 8 pairs of ribs directly articulate with sternum."
- **Evaluation**: This statement is incorrect. The first 7 pairs of ribs (true ribs) directly articulate with the sternum. The 8th pair does not directly connect but is attached indirectly through cartilage.

### Conclusion
Based on the evaluations:
- **Incorrect Statements**: B and D.

### Final Answer
The option which includes only incorrect statements is the one that includes statements B and D.

---