which of the following phenomenon do not cause any change in genetic equilibrium of population?

Options

A. Mutation
B. Gene flow
C. Natural selection
D. Random mating

Answer

To determine which phenomenon does not cause any change in the genetic equilibrium of a population, we can analyze each option based on the principles established by Hardy-Weinberg.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understand Genetic Equilibrium**: Genetic equilibrium refers to a state where the genetic composition of a population remains constant over time. This is described by the Hardy-Weinberg principle, which outlines the conditions necessary for a population to remain in equilibrium.

2. **Identify the Factors Affecting Genetic Equilibrium**:
- **Mutation**: Mutations are random changes in the DNA sequence. They introduce new alleles into the population, thus altering the genetic makeup. **(Affects Equilibrium)**
- **Gene Flow**: This occurs when individuals migrate into or out of a population, introducing or removing alleles. This can change allele frequencies in the population. **(Affects Equilibrium)**
- **Natural Selection**: This is the process where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring. This leads to changes in allele frequencies as certain traits become more favorable. **(Affects Equilibrium)**
- **Random Mating**: This refers to the mating of individuals in a population without regard to their genotypes or phenotypes. In random mating, all gametes have an equal chance of combining, which does not change allele frequencies. **(Does not affect Equilibrium)**

3. **Conclusion**: Based on the analysis, the phenomenon that does not cause any change in the genetic equilibrium of a population is **random mating**.

### Final Answer:
The correct option is **random mating**.

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